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Head

HornsCornu

Trunk

SkinCutis
UdderMamma (uber)

Limbs

HoovesUngula

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Cow · Integumentary system

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Model: "Cow" by Thunk3D (Sketchfab), CC BY 4.0

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Cow

Integumentary system

4 structures · 8 diseases

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Structures of Integumentary system

Head

HornsCornu

Trunk

SkinCutis
UdderMamma (uber)

Limbs

HoovesUngula

Diseases

Digital dermatitisInfectious
Contagious bacterial infection of the skin of the foot, associated with treponemes, that forms painful ulcers next to the coronary band of the heels. One of the most common causes of lameness in housed dairy cattle.
Interdigital phlegmonInfectious
Acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the interdigital space, caused mainly by Fusobacterium necrophorum. It produces sudden lameness, symmetrical swelling of the foot and a foul-smelling necrotic fissure; if not treated promptly it can reach the joints and tendons of the digit.
Sole ulcerDegenerative
Loss of sole horn that exposes the corium, almost always at the sole-heel junction of the lateral claw of the pelvic limb. One of the claw horn lesions that causes most lameness in dairy cows; white line disease shares its origin.
Subacute ruminal acidosisMetabolic
Repeated drops in ruminal pH for several hours a day caused by excess rapidly fermentable carbohydrate and too little effective fibre. A herd problem with subtle signs, associated with rumenitis, liver abscesses and probably claw lesions.
MastitisInfectious
Inflammation of the mammary gland, almost always caused by bacteria entering through the teat canal. It is the most common and costly disease of dairy cattle; the clinical form alters the milk or the quarter, and the subclinical form is detected only by a rise in somatic cells.
Parturient hypocalcaemia (milk fever)Metabolic
A fall in blood calcium around calving, when colostrum and milk production outpace the cow's ability to mobilise calcium. The clinical form causes weakness and recumbency; the far more common subclinical form has no signs and is associated with other postpartum diseases.
LeptospirosisInfectious
Bacterial infection with pathogenic leptospires transmitted through the urine of carrier animals. In dogs it causes acute kidney injury, liver disease and sometimes severe pulmonary haemorrhage. In cattle serovar Hardjo causes abortion, infertility and a drop in milk production. In horses it is associated with recurrent uveitis, abortion and acute kidney failure. It is a zoonosis.
Bovine brucellosisInfectious
Infection with Brucella abortus that causes abortion in the last third of gestation, retained placenta and orchitis in bulls, and that persists in the udder and is shed in milk. It is a zoonosis notifiable in many countries and is controlled by official programmes of serological testing, slaughter of positive animals and vaccination.

Study material. Not a substitute for diagnosis or veterinary consultation.