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Cat Cow Dog Horse

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Axial skeleton

AtlasAtlas
AxisAxis
Hyoid apparatusApparatus hyoideus
MandibleMandibula
RibsCostae
SacrumOs sacrum
SkullCranium
SternumSternum
Caudal vertebraeVertebrae caudales
Cervical vertebrae III–VIIVertebrae cervicales III–VII
Lumbar vertebraeVertebrae lumbales
Thoracic vertebraeVertebrae thoracicae

Pelvic limb

FemurOs femoris
FibulaFibula
MetatarsusOssa metatarsalia
Hip boneOs coxae
PatellaPatella
Phalanges of the pelvic limbOssa digitorum pedis
TarsusOssa tarsi
TibiaTibia

Thoracic limb

CarpusOssa carpi
ClavicleClavicula
HumerusHumerus
MetacarpusOssa metacarpalia
Phalanges of the thoracic limbOssa digitorum manus
RadiusRadius
ScapulaScapula
UlnaUlna

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Cat · Skeletal system

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Model: "Feline Skeleton Dec" by westerly (Sketchfab), CC BY 4.0

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Cat

Skeletal system

28 structures · 17 diseases

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Structures of Skeletal system

Axial skeleton

AtlasAtlas
AxisAxis
Hyoid apparatusApparatus hyoideus
MandibleMandibula
RibsCostae
SacrumOs sacrum
SkullCranium
SternumSternum
Caudal vertebraeVertebrae caudales
Cervical vertebrae III–VIIVertebrae cervicales III–VII
Lumbar vertebraeVertebrae lumbales
Thoracic vertebraeVertebrae thoracicae

Pelvic limb

FemurOs femoris
FibulaFibula
MetatarsusOssa metatarsalia
Hip boneOs coxae
PatellaPatella
Phalanges of the pelvic limbOssa digitorum pedis
TarsusOssa tarsi
TibiaTibia

Thoracic limb

CarpusOssa carpi
ClavicleClavicula
HumerusHumerus
MetacarpusOssa metacarpalia
Phalanges of the thoracic limbOssa digitorum manus
RadiusRadius
ScapulaScapula
UlnaUlna

Diseases

Hip dysplasiaCongenital / developmental
Abnormal development of the coxofemoral joint with joint laxity that ends in osteoarthritis. The most common inherited orthopaedic disease of the dog. It also affects cats, in which signs are usually subtle.
Femoral capital physeal dysplasiaDegenerative
Spontaneous slipping of the femoral head epiphysis through a physis that has failed to close on time, without previous trauma. Typical of young, neutered, overweight male cats; it is often bilateral.
Femoral fractureTraumatic
Loss of continuity of the femur, almost always after high-energy trauma. One of the most common long-bone fractures of the dog and cat, and one that requires internal fixation.
Patellar luxationCongenital / developmental
Displacement of the patella out of the femoral trochlea, almost always medially, due to malalignment of the extensor mechanism of the stifle. One of the most common orthopaedic diseases of small breeds; it is less common in the cat.
OsteosarcomaNeoplastic
The most common malignant bone tumour of the dog. It affects the metaphysis of long bones in large and giant breeds; it is locally very aggressive and metastasises early to the lungs. In the cat it is rare and metastasises less often.
Mandibular fractureTraumatic
Fracture of the body or ramus of the mandible, caused by trauma or, in small dogs, by bone loss from periodontal disease. Treatment aims first at restoring normal occlusion.
Feline tooth resorptionDegenerative
Progressive destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth by odontoclasts, advancing from the root or neck toward the crown. One of the most common dental diseases of the cat, painful and often hidden; it is diagnosed with dental radiography.
Feline chronic gingivostomatitisInflammatory
Chronic, severe and very painful inflammation of the gingiva and oral mucosa, especially of the caudal mouth, caused by an exaggerated immune response to dental plaque. The main treatment is tooth extraction.
High-rise syndromeTraumatic
The set of injuries of cats that fall from windows or balconies of tall buildings. The classic triad is thoracic trauma, facial trauma with hard palate fracture and limb fractures; most cats survive with treatment.
Feline leukaemia and immunodeficiency viruses (FeLV and FIV)Infectious
Two feline retroviruses with very different consequences. Feline leukaemia virus causes lymphoma, cytopenias and immunosuppression and greatly shortens the life of cats with progressive infection. Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by bites, and many infected cats live for years with a good quality of life.
Periodontal diseaseInflammatory
Inflammation of the tissues that support the tooth, caused by dental plaque. It starts as reversible gingivitis and progresses to periodontitis, with loss of ligament and alveolar bone. It is one of the most common diseases in dogs and cats; it is diagnosed and treated under general anaesthesia with dental radiographs, and prevented with daily toothbrushing.
Scottish fold osteochondrodysplasiaCongenital / developmental
Inherited cartilage disorder caused by the same genetic variant that folds the Scottish fold's ears. It produces deformities of the distal limbs and tail and progressive, painful osteoarthritis; every fold-eared cat is affected to some degree.
Rib fractures and flail chestTraumatic
Fractures of several adjacent ribs, each broken in two places, that leave a free segment of chest wall moving paradoxically with respiration. Usually caused by bite wounds or vehicle trauma and accompanied by pulmonary contusion.
Pectus excavatumCongenital / developmental
Congenital deformity in which the caudal sternum and costal cartilages are displaced dorsally, flattening the thorax dorsoventrally. Mild cases are silent; severe ones compress the heart and lungs.
Sacrocaudal luxationTraumatic
Fracture or luxation between the sacrum and the first caudal vertebrae from traction on the tail ("tail-pull injury"). It stretches or avulses the nerve roots of the cauda equina and causes tail paralysis and often urinary and faecal incontinence or retention.
Feline megacolonDegenerative
Permanent dilation of the colon with loss of motility, causing severe, recurrent constipation (obstipation). In most cats it is idiopathic; it can also result from narrowing of the pelvic canal or from injury to the sacral nerves.
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndromeCongenital / developmental
Upper airway obstruction caused by the shortened skull of brachycephalic breeds. Stenotic nares, an elongated, thickened soft palate and a hypoplastic trachea raise airway resistance and lead to secondary laryngeal collapse. In brachycephalic cats such as the Persian, stenotic nares predominate.

Study material. Not a substitute for diagnosis or veterinary consultation.